![gaze eye tracking gaze eye tracking](https://usabilitygeek.com/wp-content/uploads/2014/08/eyetracking-when-lead.jpg)
We are only aware of two studies that have examined one-on-one conversation using this procedure in the published literature to date. By utilizing two pairs of glasses, a dual eye tracking study can be conducted to obtain a rich data-set. Eye tracking glasses have been developed that allow the tracking of gaze as a participant engages in face-to-face conversation.
![gaze eye tracking gaze eye tracking](https://images.deepai.org/publication-preview/image-based-eye-gaze-tracking-and-its-applications-page-36-medium.jpg)
Recent advances in mobile eye tracking technology allow the possibility to study social cognition away from the computer screen. An awareness of the dual function of gaze can influence an individual to behave differently when aware that their eye movements are observable to another person 10, 11, 12. They explain that there is a dual function of gaze, as the eyes focus visual attention to gather information for the individual while also potentially communicating information to others. Risko, Richardson, and Kingstone 10 have pointed out that in natural contexts gaze behaviour might be different to that observed in studies using static stimuli. While these studies provide high experimental control, generalization of findings to natural conversation is problematic. This involves participants viewing carefully designed stimuli on a computer monitor. However, as pointed out in a review by Pfeiffer, Vogely and Schilbach 9 the majority of this research has used static eye tracking methods. Over the last few decades developments in eye tracking technology have enabled more nuanced and accurate investigations 8. Gaze behaviour has received considerable research attention since the 1960s 7. An additional important function of gaze is to regulate turn taking behaviour during face-to-face conversation 6. Specific terms exist within the English vernacular to describe certain types of emotional gaze such as puppy dog eyes (pleading), hungry eyes (lust), and wild eyes (erratic state of mind), just to name a few. This was recognized by Baron-Cohen and colleagues when designing their famous ‘reading the mind in the eyes’ test for theory of mind 5. The ability to signal emotion with one’s eyes further enhances their communicative potential. Following gaze direction can facilitate cooperation or deception 3, 4. The unique morphology of the human eye signifies the special role of gaze behaviour for negotiating the subtleties of our social lives. Homo sapiens is the only species of mammal to have evolved eyes with a white sclera (i.e., the large white part of the eye that surrounds the iris and pupil) 1, 2. We also outline the fast activity of gaze movements upon various locations both on and off face during a typical face-to-face conversation. We argue that the subjective perception of eye contact is a product of mutual face gaze instead of actual mutual eye contact.
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![gaze eye tracking gaze eye tracking](https://www.gazept.com/wp-content/uploads/The-Basics.jpg)
This was despite participants subjectively perceiving eye contact occurring for about 70% of conversation. Mutual eye contact ranged from 0–45% of conversation, via very brief instances. We also estimate that during a 4-minute getting acquainted conversation mutual face gaze constitutes about 60% of conversation that occurs via typically brief instances of 2.2 seconds. Additionally, we found evidence of within-participant consistency not just for location preference but also for the duration of fixations upon the eye and mouth regions. This continuum includes some people showing a strong preference for eye gaze, some with a strong preference for mouth gaze, and others distributing their gaze between the eyes and mouth to varying extents. Results suggest the existence of an eye-mouth gaze continuum. Considerable differences between individuals are underscored by a stability of eye gaze patterns within individuals. We report the personal eye gaze patterns of people engaged in face-to-face getting acquainted conversation.